This attack attempts to correctly guess the sequence number used to identify packets in a TCP connection. If hackers are able to achieve this, they can counterfeit packets heading to the target host on the network.
The target host has no way of knowing that these counterfeit packets are from a malicious host. The attacker achieves this by listening to the communication between the sender and receiver. This is done with the intention of pinpointing and attacking a vulnerable target.
There are several different types of port scans that can be used:. Once a port has been identified to be open, hackers can then target them for attacks. These attacks will also largely depend on the services that are running on the ports. These vulnerabilities have led to the possibility for different kinds of attacks.
The following are the main classes of attacks that result from these vulnerabilities:. Denial-of-Service attacks prevent valid and legitimate users from gaining access to information that they should be able to access. The attacker transmits huge amounts of bogus data to the target, with the intention of rendering it unusable by overwhelming it. The target eventually runs out of memory or CPU processing and might ultimately crash.
There are also other Denial-of-Service attacks that hackers can use — for instance, the famous Ping of Death, which inflates the size of a ping packet and causes a system to crash. ECHO will respond to any incoming packets with whatever it has just received. These two services are intended to be for diagnosis of the system, but instead, hackers have found a way of abusing these into tools that can perform Denial-of-Service attacks.
Once this is done, the spoofed IP address of one server will appear legitimate to the victim and the chain of request and response will be established. Such an attack will result in great traffic on the network, leaving network users with slow internet access.
This attack can be leveraged to target a particular target of interest, leaving users without access. This attack involves the sending of bogus SYN packets to a target host, flooding hence consuming all new network connections to a target host.
This results in legitimate requests to TCP connections failing to receive any connection; thus, the service is denied. Spoofing attacks are attacks that trick systems within the network into believing that the attacker is either a legitimate server or client. The following are the two major categories of spoofing attack:. Hackers are able to perform this type of spoofing by impersonating an authorized client to a server.
There are a few methods by which this can be done. One of the common ones is IP spoofing. Hackers craft packets with a spoofed source IP address, then impersonate legitimate clients on the network. One application of this is when dealing with servers requiring IP-based authentication. Using this technique, it is easy to fool such servers.
Server-side spoofing operates in a different manner. Instead of a hacker impersonating a legitimate client within the network, the focus is on impersonating a server in order to allow clients on the network to connect to them. Routers make routing decisions based on the information stored within the routing table.
Routers will periodically share routing information in order to keep their routing tables up-to-date. The possible threats here are mainly from spoofing attacks.
A form of cyber attack in which an authorized user gains access to a legitimate connection of another client in the network. The intruder can determine the IP addresses of the two session participants, make one of them inaccessible using a DoS attack , and connect to the other by spoofing the network ID of the former. Solutions for:. Unlike the in-depth articles in the Knowledge Base, every definition in the Glossary is succinct, while remaining highly informative.
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